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Grape pomace as an active biological resisdue of grapes against CACO-2 and SW-620 cells growth and response to uv induced oxidative stress

Grape pomace (GP) is the residue of winemaking, rich in polyphenolic compounds. Polyphenols have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and regenerative potential, which makes them a subject of medical and pharmaceutical research. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of GP extracts on Caco-2 and SW 620 cells, focusing on their antiproliferative and antioxidant properties. The cytotoxic effect of 5 samples of the GP extracts (Merlot 2018 (GP1) ; Cabernet Sauvignon 2018 (GP2) ; Cabernet Sauvignon 2016 (GP3) ; Frankovka 2017(GP4) ; Mix GP 2016: Graševina, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Blanc, Incrocio Manzoni (GP5)) at three concentrations (0.02 ; 0.1 ; 0.5 mg/mL) was tested by MTT assay comparing 2D and 3D cell growth. The antioxidant capacity of the GP extracts was determined spectrophotometrically after exposure to UV light for 20 minutes. The absorption rate was evaluated on the Caco-2 cell model after 20 days of cultivation. Polyphenols were quantified by the HPLC method. Data were analysed using Statistica 13.1 (P < 0.05). GP extracts at the highest concentration (0.5 mg/mL) were most effective in suppressing cell growth. Caco-2 was suppressed from 53.7 – 79.2 % (0.5 mg/mL) in the 2D model (P < 0.05), whereas SW-620 was inhibited from 41.3 – 74.5 % at (0.5 mg/mL ; P < 0.05). The efficacy of GP extracts on the 3D model of cell growth was statistically insignificant. Measurement of total cell antioxidant capacity showed sensitivity of Caco-2 to UV treatment and a reduction in cell antioxidant status of 17.0% (GP2) -20.0% (GP4) at 0.5 mg/mL (P < 0.05). The Caco-2 absorption model shows an absorption rate for polyphenols of 30 to 45 minutes, resulting in an overall absorption efficiency of 85 to 95%. HPLC analysis of the GP extracts revealed catechin as the most abundant polyphenol, followed by epicatechin, procyanidin B1 and B2, gallic acid, resveratrol, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. GP is a good source of polyphenols that show significant antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells depending on the model used (2D vs 3D). The most effective concentration of the studied GP extracts was 0.5 mg/mL.

antioxidants ; caco-2 cells ; grape pomace ; humans ; polyphenols ; ultraviolet rays

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