Kvaliteta života umirovljenika u RH: utvrđivanje razlika s obzirom na spol, razinu obrazovanja i bračni status (CROSBI ID 328060)
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Podaci o odgovornosti
Vučenović, Dario ; Brajković, Lovorka ; Jelić, Katarina
hrvatski
Kvaliteta života umirovljenika u RH: utvrđivanje razlika s obzirom na spol, razinu obrazovanja i bračni status
Gotovo u svakoj svjetskoj regiji ljudi danas žive barem dvostruko duže nego prije 100 godina, a produljeni životni vijek povećao je interes istraživača s ciljem podizanja kvalitete života, ublažavanje gubitaka i promicanje aktivnog starenja. Hrvatska je među deset zemalja u svijetu po starosti stanovništva i trenutačno broji 1.229.760 korisnika mirovina (HZMO, 2022), što predstavlja značajan udio u ukupnoj populaciji. Cilj ovog istraživanja je provjeriti ulogu sociodemografskih pokazatelja u objašnjenju razina usamljenosti, depresivnosti, emocionalnih kompetencija i uspješnog starenja na prigodnom uzorku kao doprinos znanstvenim spoznajama o kvaliteti života hrvatskih umirovljenika. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 269 umirovljenika s područja Republike Hrvatske, od čega je 182 ženskog (66, 4%), a 92 muškog spola (33, 6%), prosječne dobi 70 godina (raspon 38-93) koji su u prosjeku otišli u mirovinu prije propisane s oko 55 godina (SD=7, 98). Prikupljeni su sociodemografski podaci te standardizirani upitnici: Skala samoprocjene uspješnog starenja, Kratka forma UCLA skale usamljenosti, Gerijatrijska skala depresije- kratka forma i Upitnik emocionalnih vještina i kompetencija (UEK- 15), i to visokih pouzdanosti. Sudionici su usto potpisali informirani pristanak tj. suglasnost za sudjelovanje, budući da je istraživanje provedeno uživo te su dokumentaciji prilagali dokaz o umirovljenju. Rezultati upućuju na razlike u kvaliteti života i depresivnosti s obzirom na razlike u najvećem postignutom stupnju obrazovanja u očekivanome smjeru, s obzirom na ulogu obrazovanja u mogućnostima zaposlenja, socioekonomskom statusu i zdravstvenim ponašanjima. Analiza spolnih razlika potvrdila je da su žene depresivnije, a ujedno i emocionalno kompetentnije od muškaraca na mjerama samoprocjene, iako razine depresivnosti nisu kliničke niti u jednoj skupini. I konačno, sudionici se razlikuju u procjeni usamljenosti s obzirom na bračni status, na način da oni koji su u partnerskoj vezi doživljavaju niže razine. Preporuke je navedene varijable dopuniti objektivnim pokazateljima kvalitete života umirovljenika u RH, kombinirati metode samoprocjene s kvalitativnim načinima prikupljanja podataka, razvojne promjene pratiti longitudinalno te raditi na razvoju mreže pružatelja korisnika usluga široj populaciji starijih osoba koje bi se mogla kombinirati s istraživačkim djelatnostima u zajednici. Posebnu pozornost potrebno je usmjeriti na rastući trend institucionalizacije starijih osoba što predstavlja rizični čimbenik za mentalno zdravlje umirovljenika, naročito tijekom i nakon COVID-19 krize.
starenje, umirovljenje, kvaliteta života, emocionalne kompetencije
nije evidentirano
engleski
Quality of life of pensioners in the Republic of Croatia: determination of differences with regard to gender, level of education and marital status
In almost every region of the world, people nowadays live at least twice as long as they did a hundred years ago. Prolonged life expectancy has increased researchers' interest in improving the quality of life, mitigating losses and promoting active aging. Croatia is among the ten countries in the world regarding population age and currently has 1,229,760 pension beneficiaries (HZMO, 2022), representing a significant share of the total population. The aim of this research is to verify the role of sociodemographic indicators in explaining the levels of loneliness, depression, emotional competence and successful aging in a convenient sample as a contribution to scientific knowledge about the quality of life of Croatian retirees. 269 retirees from the Republic of Croatia participated in the research, of which 182 were female (66.4%), and 92 were male (33.6%), with an average age of 70 (range 38-93), who on average went to pension earlier than prescribed at about age 55 (SD=7.98). Sociodemographic data and standardized questionnaires were collected: Self-Assessment Scale for Successful Aging, UCLA Loneliness Scale Short Form, Geriatric Depression Scale - Short Form and Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (UEK-15), with high reliability. The participants also signed informed consent, i.e. consent to participate, since the research was conducted in person, and they attached proof of retirement to the documentation. The results point to differences in quality of life and depression concerning differences in the highest achieved level of education in the expected direction, about the role of education in employment opportunities, socioeconomic status and health behaviours. The analysis of gender differences confirmed that women are more depressed and, at the same time, more emotionally competent than men with self-assessment measures, although the levels of depression are not clinical in any group. And finally, participants differ in their assessment of loneliness concerning marital status, so that those who are in a partner relationship experience lower levels. The recommendations are supplement the above mentioned variables with objective indicators of the quality of life of retirees in the Republic of Croatia, to combine self-assessment methods with qualitative data collection methods, longitudinally monitor developmental changes, and to work on the development of a network of service providers for a wider population of elderly people that could be combined with research activities in the community. Special attention should be paid to the growing trend of institutionalization of older people, which represents a risk factor for the mental health of retirees, especially during and after the COVID-19 crisis.
aging, retirement, quality of life, emotional competence
nije evidentirano
