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Meat juice seroprevalence and presence of Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in tonsils of slaughtered pigs

Background. Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica are a priority public health threat in pork safety. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica by microbiological examination of tonsils and serological analyses of meat juice from slaughtered pigs from different farming systems. Materials and Methods. Ninety-one samples of tonsils and meat juice from the same pigs were analyzed, of which 54 samples were from 18 large farms and 37 samples were from 18 family farms. The presence of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica in pig tonsils was tested using standard culture methods, and suspect isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The presence of IgG antibodies in meat juice was determined using pigtype Yersinia Ab ELISA kits with inactivated antigen. Results. The overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica in tonsils was 9.8% and 6.5%, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05) between large farms and family farms. Salmonella spp. was more prevalent in large farms with lower biosecurity (p<0.05). The seroprevalence of Salmonella spp. was 48.35% and of Yersinia 13.18%, without significant differences (p>0.05) between farm types and biosecurity categories. A total of 63.8% of farms were serologically positive for Salmonella and 27.7% for Yersinia. Correlation of findings of Salmonella spp. or Y. enterocolitica in tonsils with seroprevalence was not found (φc=0.121, p=0.420 ; φc=0.027, p=0.718, respectively). A higher recovery rate of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica from the tonsils is expected in seropositive pigs (OR 1.56-2.36), but without statistical significance (p>0.05). Discussion and Conclusion, Perspectives. The results of this study suggest a need to improve farming and slaughter practices and to include serological surveillance of Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica in pigs in the risk categorization of farms in Croatia, which would increase safety throughout the meat chain.

meat juice serology, pigs, farm, Salmonella, Yersinia, tonsils

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