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Characterization of lipids in osteoarthritis patients

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease mainly associated with mechanical damage to the joints. Recent studies point to metabolic factors, especially altered lipid metabolism as an underlying cause, but the relationship between lipids and the pathogenesis of OA is still not fully resolved. Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize the lipids present in synovial membrane (SM) and to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of SM, synovial fluid (SF), plasma, and erythrocytes of OA patients. Methods: The samples were collected from OA patients during knee alloarthroplasty. SM was subjected to enzymatic degradation with collagenase. Lipids were extracted by a modified method of Folch and separated by solid phase extraction into fractions whose FA composition was also determined by the gas chromatography. Results: In the SM samples, 227 mg of lipids/g SM were determined and 98% of total lipids were neutral lipids, with sterol esters being the predominant fraction (88.8%). Total lipids from SM were predominated by unsaturated FA (UFA) (74.8%, from which oleic and linoleic acid make 46.2% and 19.4%, respectively). Neutral lipids and sterol esters showed a similar FA profile. The phospholipid fraction contained equal proportion of UFAs and saturated FA (SFA). The triglyceride fraction consists of oleic (50%), palmitic (24%), linoleic (13%), and palmitoleic (8%) acid. In SF, the SFA/UFA ratio was 0.66 with almost 60% C18 FA. In the plasma of OA patients, the proportion of UFAs was 56% (26.5% linoleic acid). The erythrocyte membranes had the same proportion of UFAs as the plasma, but a different FA composition (oleic 17.6%, docosahexaenoic and linoleic 10%, arachidonic 8%, erucic acid 6%). Conclusion: The results show a significant content of pro-inflammatory FA (linoleic, arachidonic, palmitic, and oleic acid) in the samples of OA patients, which may affect immunopathogenesis of OA.

fatty acids ; knee ; lipids ; osteoarthritis ; membrane, synovial ; fluid, synovial

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