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Effect of in vitro exposure to 3500 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on spermatozoa DNA integrity and vitality indicators in ejaculates of breeding boars

The potentially negative effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) of higher frequencies have not been investigated on human and animal ejaculates so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of RF-EMF at 3500 MHz on spermatozoa DNA integrity and vitality indicators in vitro exposed ejaculates of breeding boars. Ejaculate samples of 12 breeding boars aged from 1.5 to 3.5 years were obtained by manual fixation of the penis. Freshly diluted ejaculates of each boar were divided into a control (n = 12) and a test sample (n = 12). The test samples were exposed to RF-EMF at 3500 MHz and field strength of 10 V/m for 2 hours using gigahertz transverse electromagnetic chamber. In the both samples, exposed and non-exposed ejaculates, the proportion of spermatozoa with cell and acrosomal membrane damage, the proportion of spermatozoa with damage and depolarization of mitochondria using PI⁄SYBR- 14 LIVE⁄DEAD Sperm Viability Kit and the proportion of spermatozoa with DNA damage were determined using Halomax DNA Fragmetation Test. The significantly increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with DNA damage was recorded in ejaculates exposed to RF-EMF compared to non- exposed ejaculates. A significantly higher proportion of spermatozoa with damaged membrane and good mitochondrial potential was recorded in ejaculates exposed to RF-EMF at 3500 MHz. Although there was an increase in the sum of the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged membrane and/or low mitochondrial potential in all exposed ejaculates, but not significant. In vitro exposure of breading boars’ ejaculates to RF-EMF at 3500 MHz has a negative effect on the DNA integrity. Furthermore, the effect of RF-EMF at 3500 MHz on in vitro exposed ejaculates, is manifested by an increase in the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged membrane and/or low mitochondrial potential.

non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation ; boar semen ; DNA damage

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