engleski

Sleep disorders in COVID-19 patients: a monocentric prevalence study conducted on 337 patients

Introduction: Our study analyzed the prevalence of sleep disorders (primarily insomnia and hypersomnia) in patients who tested positive for Covid 19, as well as the distribution of insomnia/hypersomnia in different subgroups of these patients (according to their age, gender, BMI, disease severity). Materials and methods: This prospective, noninvasive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency department, Respiratory Center, and Respiratory Intensive care Center of University Hospital Dubrava from December 2020. until March 2021. It included patients whose tested positive for Covid 19 and who reported at least one neurological symptom. Patients were examined, and interviewed face to face using a web-based structured questionnaire designed for the purposes of this study. Results: Of the 337 participants, 109 (32, 34%) reported one of two possible symptoms associated with a sleep disorder, primarily difficulty sleeping/insomnia ( dubbed „sleep disorder“) or sleepiness/ hypersomnia. Of the 337 participants, 61 (18%) reported sleep disorder while 48 (14%) reported hypersomnia. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of sleep disorders between men and women (ꭓ2 = 0, 113, p = 0, 737). Hypersomnia was more prevalent in women (ꭓ2 = 8, 125, p = 0, 004). Patients who had sleep disorder had a lower median age by 5 years compared to patients who did not have a sleep disorder (z = 2, 6, p = 0, 009). Patients who had hypersomnia had a median of age lower by 9 years than patients who did not have hypersomnia (z = 4, 3, p = <0, 001). There was no significant difference in BMI between patients with and without hypersomnia (z = 0, 157, p = 0, 875). There was no association of hypersomnia with the presence of pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 0, 000, p =1, 000). In our study sleep disorder was associated with pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 6.4, p = 0.012). Of the patients with a sleep disorder, 59% of them reported dyspnea, 78% had pneumonia and72% were hospitalized. Of the admitted patients, only two of them were transferred to Respiratory intensive care and were treated using mechanical ventilation. In the patient group with hypersomnia, 46% of patients reported dispnea, 64% had pneumonia and 48% were hospitalized, of which one patient was hospitalized in Respiratory intensive care, and did not require treatmeant with mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are prevalent in one form or the other in little over a third of patients with a Covid infection. Age, gender, and the presence of pneumonia are associated with different types of sleep disorders. More studies are needed to investigate the potential effect of sleep on the outcome of patients with COVID 19.

Insomnia, Hypersomnia, COVID 19, Questionnaire, Prevalence

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