engleski

Association between glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1,T1 and A1 polymorphisms and IgA vasculitis: a pilot study

Introduction: IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is the most common childhood vasculitis. Considering the clinical heterogeneity, genetic factors might play a role in pathogenesis of IgAV. Glutathione S- transferase (GST) are members of a multigene family of metabolic enzymes divided into four major subfamilies designated as GSTα (GSTA1), GSTμ (GSTM1), GSTθ (GSTT1) and GST π (GSTP1), act as cell housekeepers protect cells against oxidative stressors in the environment by detoxifying a wide variety of potentially toxic and carcinogenic electrophiles. Deletions in GSTs lead to reduction in detoxification enzymatic activity. It was identified that detoxification effects modified by GSTs polymorphism possibly can aggravate the susceptibility to diseases. Objectives: To investigate the GSTA1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes polymorphism and their influence to susceptibility for IgAV. Methods: Clinical data were collected from four Croatian tertiary centers for pediatric rheumatology. GSTA1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms were detected in patients and controls. DNA was isolated from whole blood using the QIAGEN QIAamp kit. GSTA1 (-69C>T) was examined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method whereas the GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined by the PCR method. Results: Pilot study included 107 patients diagnosed with IgAV, of whom 56 girls and 51 boys, with median age at the time of diagnosis 6.25 (4.5-8.0) years, as well as 75 sex and age- matched controls. All patients had purpuric rash, 75, 7% had arthralgia or arthritis, 36, 5% had gastrointestinal involvement, while 31, 7% patients developed IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN). The frequencies of GSTM1 (−) null allele and GSTT1 null (−) allele in IgAV patients were 56, 1% and 26, 2% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the null genotype distribution of GSTM1 and GSTT1 between groups (CI 0.49-1.62, OR 0.89, p=0.714 ; CI 0.35- 1.44, OR 0.70, p=0.335). The frequency of GSTA1 C/C, GSTA1 C/T and GSTA1 T/T genotypes in IgAV patients were 36, 5%, 44, 8% and 18, 7% respectively. There was no statistically significant differences in genotype frequencies between patients and controls (CI 0.83-3.00, OR 1.38, p=0.167 ; CI 0.33-1.09, OR 0.60, p=0.09 ; CI 0.55-2.65, OR 1.20, p=0.639). Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had statistically significant difference in the null genotype distribution of GSTM1 compared with patients without gastrointestinal involvement (CI 0.15- 0.81, OR 0.35, p=0.014). Conclusion: Our pilot study provides evidence that the examinated polymorphisms were not associated with the increase individual susceptibility for IgAV, although GSTM1 genotype proved to have effect on gastrointestinal involvement in IgAV. For precise evaluation of results it is necessary to include larger study populations, however this study offers some essential information for further research. SUPPORT: Croatian Science Foundation IP-2019-04- 8822.

IgA vasculitis ; GST ; polymorphism

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