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Architecture of the Austro-Hungarian Military Port in Pula in Istria

The uprisings against the Habsburg Monarchy in northern Italy in 1848-1849 showed the authorities in Vienna that it was necessary to move their main naval base from Venice to areas that were safer. The city of Pula, located in the extreme south of the Istrian peninsula in the province of the Austrian Littoral, was considered the most appropriate location. After Pula was declared a war port of the Habsburg Empire in 1853, its intensive development began. Thanks to its new statues the small town turned until the beginning of the First World War into one of the largest settlements on the Habsburg east coast of the Adriatic. The construction of the Arsenal in Pula began in 1856. In the decades that followed near the existing Roman and medieval buildings numerous fortifications and monumental public and residential buildings were erected for the needs of the Austro-Hungarian navy and local population. First, the Naval Barracks were built (1856), then the Military headquarters building(1861). This was followed by the construction of the Military Hospital (1861). A kind of centre of the social life of high-ranking officers of the Austro- Hungarian Navy was the Marine-Kasino, erected in 1870-1872 by architect Friedrich Adam from Munich, which was replaced in 1910-1913. with a new, much more lavish building built according to the designs of the Viennese architect Ludwig Baumann. Among the most luxurious buildings erected by the Navy is also the naval church of Madonna del Mare, built in 1890-1898 according to the designs of architects Friedrich von Schmidt, Victor Luntz and Natale Tommasi. The aim of this presentation is to show the complete urban transformation of Pula in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century through the buildings of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and to point out its value and the problems related to their preservation.

Pula, Pola, Austro-Hungarian Navy, Military Architecture, Rundbogenstil, Romanticism, Historicism, Art Nouveau

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