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Toxicity of fungicide azoxystrobin to Enchytraeus albidus: Differences between the active ingredient and formulated product (CROSBI ID 313416)

Prilog u časopisu | izvorni znanstveni rad | međunarodna recenzija

Kovačević, Marija ; Stjepanović, Nikolina ; Hackenberger Kutuzović, Davorka ; Lončarić, Željka ; Hackenberger Kutuzović, Branimir Toxicity of fungicide azoxystrobin to Enchytraeus albidus: Differences between the active ingredient and formulated product // Pesticide biochemistry and physiology, 187 (2022), 105198, 9. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105198

Podaci o odgovornosti

Kovačević, Marija ; Stjepanović, Nikolina ; Hackenberger Kutuzović, Davorka ; Lončarić, Željka ; Hackenberger Kutuzović, Branimir

engleski

Toxicity of fungicide azoxystrobin to Enchytraeus albidus: Differences between the active ingredient and formulated product

Due to the often-excessive usage of fungicides, increasing attention is being paid to their impact on soil and non-target organisms. Risk assessments are usually based on the pure active ingredient and not on the formulated products applied in the environment. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate how azoxystrobin, the best-selling strobilurin fungicide, affects non-target soil organisms Enchytraeus albidus. To investigate the effects of the different types of azoxystrobin, E. albidus was exposed to the pure active ingredient, AZO_AI, and the formulated product, AZO_FP. Survival, reproduction, and molecular biomarkers of E. albidus were determined for different exposure durations (seven and 21 days). AZO_FP (LC50 = 15.3 mga.i./kg) showed a slightly stronger effect on survival than AZO_AI (LC50 = 16.8 mga.i./kg), yet the impact on reproduction was much stronger. Namely, while the tested concentrations of AZO_AI (EC50≥ 8 mga.i./kg) had almost no effect on reproduction, AZO_FP (EC50 = 2.9 mga.i./kg) significantly inhibited reproduction in a dose-dependent manner. Changes in enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase) and malondialdehyde levels in both treatments indicated oxidative stress. Although AZO_FP had a stronger negative effect, the impact depended on the exposure time and the tested concentration. The higher toxicity of AZO_FP was a consequence of increased bioavailability and activity of the active ingredient due to the presence of adjuvants. Overall stronger adverse effects of AZO_FP suggest that the toxicity of azoxystrobin in the agricultural environment on the enchytraeid population may be underestimated. Furthermore, the results of this study highlighted the importance of comparing the toxicity of the active ingredient and the formulated product.

Survival ; Reproduction ; Oxidative stress ; Energy available ; Strobilurin

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Podaci o izdanju

187

2022.

105198

9

objavljeno

0048-3575

1095-9939

doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105198

Povezanost rada

Biologija

Poveznice
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