engleski

Analysis of soluble TREM2 levels in CSF and plasma of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease subjects

Recent genetic and neuropathological studies have implicated microglia cells to have a causal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is one of the most studied microglial receptors in the context of AD because carriers of its rare variant have an increased risk of disease development. TREM2 is involved in the regulation of myeloid cell number, amyloid β (Aβ) binding, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response. Its ectodomain is processed by a disintegrin and metalloprotease enzymes ADAM10 and ADAM17, and the fragment released in CSF and blood is referred to as soluble TREM2 (sTREM2). We aimed to compare CSF and plasma concentrations of sTREM2 in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and samples of cognitively normal controls, and to correlate them with the core CSF biomarkers of AD (levels of Aβ1-42, total tau [t-tau], and tau phosphorylated at epitope 181 [p-tau181]). Concentrations of sTREM2 were measured in 127 AD, 79 MCI, and 36 control CSF samples and 99 AD, 37 MCI, and 10 control plasma samples using ELISA. The sTREM2 levels in CSF were significantly different among the groups, whereas differences in plasma levels did not reach significance. These results are congruent with previous reports showing elevated sTREM2 levels in CSF of AD subjects. We concluded that the CSF sTREM2 level, but not plasma sTREM2, is a promising biomarker of microglial activation in AD.

Alzheimer's disease ; biomarker ; cerebrospinal fluid ; ELISA ; mild cognitive impairment ; plasma ; sTREM2

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