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Spatial and temporal dynamics of cefotaxime- resistant marine bacterial community along a trophic gradient in central Adriatic Sea

The aquatic ecosystems are without any doubt reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and, as such, may serve as potential sources for transmission of ARGs to human pathogens. However, we still lack fundamental data on the dynamics of the microbial communities that harbour ARGs in marine environment, as well as the data on the temporal and spatial distribution of ARGs in this natural ecosystem. Although some researchers disputed that because the oceans and seas are dilute systems in which metabolites rapidly diffuse away from the source site will unlikely promote the antibiotic resistance, during the last decade was shown that marine/ocean microbiomes represent potentially large and versatile resources of ARGs. More in detail, marine ecosystems under diverse impact of human activity are represented by their specific resistomes, some of which can, furthermore, be engaged in further spread of ARGs. We used 16sRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) and large-scale bioinformatics to examine the structure of cefotaxime-resistant marine microbiome in central part of the Adriatic Sea, persisting along a trophic gradient during summer and winter season. Anthropogenic influence, physicochemical parameters and biological factors were assessed on the sampling sites. We discovered that biological as well as non-biological factors, uniquely confided to microlocality, influence the dynamics of the microbial communities and consequently, the diversity and distribution of ARGs, on a seasonal and spatial scale.

cefotaxime-resistant marine community ; 16sRNA amplicon sequencing ; large-scale bioinformatics ; central Adriatic Sea

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