engleski

Patulin Biosynthesis Pathway - An Overview

Patulin is a toxic secondary metabolite of more than one fungal genera. It is biosynthesized by Penicillium spp., Byssochlamys spp., Aspergillus spp. and Paecilomyces spp. It also causes neurological, immunological, and gastrointestinal disorders in animals and humans. Patulin has been in the focus of the scientific community due to its occurrence in fruits, especially apples, as a result of infection by the necrotrophic plant pathogen Penicilium expansum. The European Commission has therefore set stricter limits for baby foods made from fruit (10 µg/kg) and for mild apple products (25 µg/kg). In addition to apples, patulin can also be found in other fruits such as pineapples, grapes, peaches and apricots. The patulin biosynthetic pathway involves more than ten steps, and the enzymes involved are regulated by 15 genes (from PePatA to PePatO), of which PePatL and PePatK are the most important. The main reactions that enable the formation of patulin are oxidation-reduction reaction. However, patulin production is not related to the virulence of P. expansum. Although the currently accepted scheme of patulin biosynthesis is described in the literature, this issue is still unresolved and important due to the complexity and interconnectedness of regulatory networks and other regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive and up- to-date overview of the patulin biosynthetic pathway to enable a better understanding of fungal pathogenicity and its implications for the development of food loss control strategies.

patulin ; Penicillium expansum ; secondary metabolites ; biosynthesis pathway

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