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Fullerol C60(OH)24 Nanoparticles Interaction with Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 During Growth on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The impact of fullerol C60(OH)24 nanoparticles (FNP) (10, 100 and 1000 ng/mL) on Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 aggressiveness during the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), genotype BC Tena, and the influence on secondary metabolite profile during unappropriated storage conditions were investigated. Additionally, the FNP effect on the germination and the shoot length under drought was monitored. The Petri-dish test (AUDPCstandard) was used to determine the aggressiveness of A. flavus in FNP presence. The unsuitable storage conditions were achieved by raising the FNP pre-treated seeds at 29°C through 6 days and storage in the dark, afterwhich the impact of FNP on A. flavus secondary metabolism was determined. The secondary metabolites were determined by the multi-analyte “dilute and shoot” LC-MS/MS method. FNP pre-treatment of the wheat caused a decrease of A. flavus aggressiveness in concentration-dependent pattern. Despite that, a multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method detected six metabolites (AFT B1 and B2, 3-nitropropionic acid, kojic acid, o-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxicol). FNP effected A. flavus secondary metabolism and increased the secondary metabolites concentration in concentration-dependent pattern (3-nitropropionic acid and kojic acid). It also provoked the production of aflatoxicol in FNP-pre- treated samples. Results indicated that whole FNP- wheat-A. flavus interaction outcome became more complicated in the presence of drought. Additionally, results showed that simultaneous occurrence of FNP and drought had an inhibitory effect on germination and shoot growth. Opposite to that, FNP at single application didn’t cause any negative impact during plant growth. For the establishment of the exact mechanism of FNP impact on mycotoxigenic fungi during growth in water deficit environment further research is needed. This study should be the driving factor of more follow-up-studies on the same issue, with results determining the direction and hypothesis of further research. It is an important step closer to revealing the exact mechanism of FNP action during interaction with mycotoxigenic fungi. Acknowledgment: The study is part of “Fullerol nanoparticles and Aspergillus flavus interaction – An insight into illumination effect (FLAF)” project (December 1st 2019 - April 1st, 2020) granted by Joint Excellence in Science and Humanities program of Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Fullerol nanoparticles ; Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 ; interaction ; growth: ; wheat

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