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Upstream Strategies (Waste Oil Feedstocks, Nonedible Oils, and Unicellular Oil Feedstocks like Microalgae)

Sustainability of feedstocks should be considered while defining upstream and/or downstream strategies for biodiesel production. Feedstocks availability, production technology, economics, competition, and greenhouse gas savings must be taken into account. Upstream strategies include the use of advanced feedstocks like waste cooking oil (WCO), waste animal fats (WAFs), nonedible oils, or genetically engineered oils, as well as selection of appropriate catalyst and reaction conditions. The key difference, according to which the classifications differ, is that according to some researchers WCO and WAFs are placed in the third generation, along with microalgae. The major sources of triglycerides are edible and nonedible oil and animal fats. Methods used for oil extraction are mechanical, solvent, and enzymatic extraction. After extraction, oil is usually further processed by some refining method. Methods used for refining of vegetable food oils are filtering, deacidification, winterizing, bleaching, degumming, and deodorization.

Waste Oil Feedstocks ; Nonedible Oils ; Unicellular Oil Feedstocks ; Microalgae

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