engleski

Energy-related approach for reduction of CO2 emissions: A strategic review on port-to-ship pathway

The maritime sector has been searching for efficient solutions to change energy consumptions patterns of ports and ships to ensure the sustainable operation and to reduce CO 2 emissions to support sustainable transport in line with International Maritime Organization (IMO) policy guidelines. Therefore, pursuing smart strategies by utilizing the renewable energy sources, clean fuels, smart grid as well as measures of efficient-energy use are beneficial towards attaining the core goals of the IMO, specifically CO 2 emission reduction in the future. This work reviews the main methods and criteria for monitoring CO 2 emission from ports and ships are meticulously presented. Advanced renewable energy technologies connected with sources such as solar, wind, tidal, wave, and alternative fuels and their application in ports to reduce CO 2 were thoroughly were examined. In addition, energy- saving technique and strategies for alternative power and fuels in ships were comprehensively evaluated. The key finding is that port-to-ship interactions such as using zero-emission energy sources or nearly zero-emission approaches were found to offer significant benefits for CO 2 emission reduction. Finally, it is recommended that smart approaches associated with efficient and clean energy use for the port-to-ship pathways to generate net zero-CO 2 emissions for the maritime shipping sector need further urgent investigation.

CO2 emission ; energy-efficient system ; renewable energy ; alternative fuel ; port-to ship strategy ; smart technology

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