engleski

Time-of-day of macronutrients intake may affect children’s weight status

A growing number of studies of chrono-nutrition in adolescents suggest that there is an association between time-of-day of energy and nutrient intake and obesity. Studies on this relationship in children are limited and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the association between timing of energy and macronutrient intake and weight status in primary school children. Dietary records for three non-consecutive days were used to estimate dietary intake in children (n=171 ; 48.5% girls) aged 8-9 years from schools in the city of Zagreb. To determine the time-of- day of energy and macronutrient intake, total food consumption was divided into morning (<11 am), afternoon and evening (>6 pm). Anthropometric measurements were performed according to the standard protocol and z-scores for body mass index (BMI) were obtained using AnthroPlus software. Children had the highest proportion of daily energy intake in the afternoon in all three categories by BMI-z-scores (47.1%, 47.0%, and 49.7%, respectively). However, the higher afternoon intake of total protein (β=1.87, 95%Cl 0.31-3.43, p=0.019), animal protein (β=1.75, 95%Cl 0.48-3.01, p=0.007) and total fat (β=1.40, 95%Cl 0.01-2.87, p=0.049), and lower evening intake of total protein (β=-3.01, 95%Cl -4.79 - -1.22, p=0.019), animal protein (β=-2.72, 95%Cl -4.16 - -1.29, p=0.019) and total fat (β=-3.15, 95%Cl -4.89-1.39, p=0.019) is associated with higher BMI in children. In this population, time-of-day of macronutrient intake appears to have a greater impact on weight status than energy intake. Further research in this area is needed to determine the relationship between time-of-day of dietary habits and weight status.

childhood ; chrono-nutrition ; energy intake ; macronutrient intake ; weight status

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