engleski

Toxicology : Effects of age, sex and other factors

There are often large differences among humans in the intensity of response to toxic chemicals, and variations in susceptibility of an individual over a lifetime. These can be attributed to a variety of factors capable of influencing absorption rate, distribution in the body, biotransformation and/or excretion rate of a particular chemical. Apart from the known hereditary factors which have been clearly demonstrated to be linked with increased susceptibility to chemical toxicity in humans, other factors include: constitutional characteristics related to age and sex ; pre-existing disease states or a reduction in organ function (non-hereditary, i.e., acquired) ; dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and use of medications ; concomitant exposure to biotoxins (various microorganisms) and physical factors (radiation, humidity, extremely low or high temperatures or barometric pressures particularly relevant to the partial pressure of a gas), as well as concomitant physical exercise or psychological stress situations ; previous occupational and/or environmental exposure to a particular chemical, and in particular concomitant exposure to other chemicals, not necessarily toxic (e.g., essential metals).

age, sex, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol, medications, concomitant exposure to other chemicals

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