engleski

A cross-sectional radiographic study of permanent teeth development in Botswana's children

Participants and methods: Samples of panoramic radiographs (OPTs) of black African children and adolescents from the city of Gaborone, Botswana were used to form a suitable sample to study the development of teeth in this socio-geographic background. The final sample consisted of 1760 OPTs (807 males and 953 females) of individuals aged 6–23 years. a) The developmental stages of all permanent teeth on the left side of the maxilla and the mandible were evaluated. b) The dental age (DA) was calculated according to the Demirjian, Willems and Cameriere methods and were then compared to chronological age (CA) and the difference between DA and CA or (DA-CA) and mean absolute difference between DA and CA (MAE) was compared on a subsample of 616 OPTs where at least one mandibular tooth was found with incomplete mineralization, not including third molars. c) The subsample of third molars was randomly divided into a training dataset (900 OPTs) and test dataset (394 OPTs), taking into account similar distribution across age groups. The training dataset was used to generate the best linear regression model for age estimation, while the test dataset was used to study the performance of the model. d) The same subsample of third molars was tested according to the Demirjian and Köhler stages and Cameriere I3M to discriminate adults from minors. Results and Conclusions: Females are slightly faster in developing permanent teeth, but without statistical significance, for most of the developmental stages. The Willems and Cameriere methods were the most accurate for estimating dental age in children. However, in older age groups over the age of 14, all methods underestimate dental age – the Cameriere method the most – therefore, they should not be used in children of 14 years of age and older. The linear regression formulas using Demirjian’s staging method were the most accurate for estimating dental age in the sample of 13 to 23 years of age, followed by Köhler’s staging method, while the CameriereI3M was the least accurate. The best performance to discriminate adults from minors was seen with the cut-off value of I3M<0.08, followed by the Köhler stage A½ in both sexes and the Demirjian stage H in males and stage G in females, a useful indicator to discriminate individuals of black African origin who are around the legal adult age of 18 years in Botswana. Keywords: Botswana, permanent teeth, 3rd molar, dental mineralization, age estimation methods, age of majority.

Botswana ; permanent teeth ; dental age

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