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Optimization of high voltage electric discharge extraction of phenolics from mandarin peel

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of applying a high voltage electric discharge (HVED) extraction for the separation of phenolic compounds from the citrus peel (Mandarin, Okitsu variety). Mandarin peel represents citrus by- product generated during the growth and fresh fruit processing. In this study, the influence of three process parameters: time (5-15 min), frequency (40-100 Hz) and solvent/solid ratio (200-400 mL/g) on the extraction yield and bioactive compounds content in obtained extracts were investigated. The antiradical activity and the total phenolic content of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric assays. The identification and quantification of individual phenolics were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Based on the obtained experimental data, the extraction process was optimized using the Design Expert® software. Optimal parameters are defined as follows, for maximum extraction yield: solvent/solid ratio 285.93 mL/g, frequency 73.38 Hz and time of 14.84 min, for maximum hesperidin concentration: solvent/solid ratio 366.19 mL/g, frequency of 97.56 Hz and time of 5.10 min and for maximum narirutin concentration solvent/solid ratio 200 mL/g, frequency of 70 Hz and time of 15 min. The predicted data were experimentally confirmed with an error range of ± 10%. This study clarified that citrus by-products are valuable raw materials rich in phenolic compounds. Also, using an innovative non-thermal extraction method with green solvent (water) it is possible to obtain satisfying content of bioactive compounds in citrus peel extracts.

high voltage electric discharge ; optimization ; mandarin peel ; extraction

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