engleski

Waste management in the agri-food industry: The conversion of eggshells, spent coffee grounds and brown onion skins into carriers for lipase immobilization

One of the major challenges in sustainable waste management in the agri-food industry follow-ing the "zero waste" model is the application of the circular economy strategy, including the de- velopment of innovative waste utilization techniques. The conversion of agri-food waste into carriers for the immobilization of enzymes is one of such techniques. Replacing chemical cata-lysts with immobilized enzymes (i.e., immobilized/heterogeneous biocatalysts) could help re-duce the energy efficiency and environmental sustainability problems of existing chemically catalysed processes. On the other hand, the economics of the process strongly depends on the price of the immobilized enzyme. Conversion of agricultural and food wastes into low-cost en-zyme carriers could lead to the development of immobilized enzymes, with desirable operating characteristics and subsequently lower the price of immobilized enzymes for use in biocatalytic production. In this context, this review provides insight into the possibilities of reusing food industry wastes, namely eggshells, coffee grounds, and brown onion skins, as carriers for lipase immobilization.

eggshells ; spent coffee grounds ; brown onion skins ; conversion techniques ; enzyme immobili-zation

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