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Comparison of Different Methods of Extraction for Pomegranate Seeds

Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has attracted considerable attention because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. This oil consists of a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly conjugated type, punicic acid. Punicic acid has antioxidant and anticancer activity. The aim of this research was to compare the properties of PSO obtained by cold extraction, Soxhlet extraction and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). The oxidative stability of oils from pomegranate was determined by using the calorimetric method. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. The positional distribution of fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-1, 3 positions of triacylglycerols (TAG) was based on the ability of the pancreatic lipase to selectively hydrolyze ester bonds in the sn-1, 3 positions. Sterols composition was determined with GC-MS. The greatest amount of oil can be obtained using the Soxhlet method (12–15%) and the least by using the ASE method (10–11%), but the ASE oil is more diverse in terms of sterol content. All the extracted oils were rich in punicic acid (about 80%). In the external positions of TAG there is mainly punicic acid, while in the internal positions there are oleic and linoleic acids.

pomegranate seed oil ; accelerated solvent extraction ; Soxhlet extraction ; cold extraction ; punicic acid ; sterols composition ; oxidative stability ; fatty acid composition

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