engleski

Red from below: late Neolithic haematite pigment production and red painted pottery in Western Syrmia (NE Croatia)

Dark and red pigment based decorations applied on ceramic vessels and other objects appeared very early in the Neolithic of the Balkans. Mostly manganese and iron based decorations, rarely cinnabar based, appear from the early stages of the Vinča culture as well. Over a century old theory of the production of cinnabar based colouring pigment in specially shaped ovens/kilns at the Vinča – Belo Brdo site is still debated today. Some recently published research indicates use of iron based ore in these ovens/kilns resulting in hematite colouring pigment as a final product, mostly used on vessels, while cinnabar pigment was confirmed mostly on ceramic figurines at the turn of the sixth to the fifth millennium BC. New excavations at Bapska tell site (Western Syrmia, late Vinča and Sopot phases) in 2013 and subsequent years uncovered one of the similar ovens/kilns and the preliminary results show hematite traces in its interior as well. It was also suggested in the preliminary report that the bog iron could have been used as a source for this particular production. In this paper, we present a discussion about ore origin, production of pigment and techniques of its application on vessels and other ceramic objects at two sites (Bapska and Bršadin – Pašnjak pod selom) in the Western Syrmia region adding new data to the ongoing discussion.

technology of pigment production ; pottery painting ; ovens/kilns ; Vinča and Sopot ; Late Neolithic ; Bapska and Bršadin – Pašnjak pod selom

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