engleski

First Two Croatian Women Philosophers

The two earliest Croatian women philosophers whose philosophical works have been preserved espoused a kind of radical feminism. The earliest woman philosopher known to us is Maruša Gundulić (Maria Gondola, born around 1557 in Dubrovnik). She is the author of a famous dedicatory letter from 1584 in which she argues that women are more virtuous, more intelligent and, generally, better human beings than men. Moreover, her husband Nicolò Gozze wrote two dialogues (Dialogo della bellezza and Dialogo d’amore from 1581), which represent philosophical thoughts and arguments of the interlocutors, that is Maruša Gundulić (Maria Gondola) and Cvijeta Zuzorić (Fiore Zuzzori), and in which the role of Maruša Gučetić can be understood as the one of a “female Socrates”. Almost exactly 300 years later Helena Maria Druschkovich (born in Vienna in 1856, known as Helene von Druskowitz) struggled to create a systematic doctrine that should replace religion: an anti-materialist monistic system in which there is an “Over-Sphere” as an ideal unattainable for everything related to matter. We can approach the Over-Sphere only by distancing ourselves from anything material. This presupposes a fundamental social reform: for Druskowitz, it is sexual reform. Women are much more intellectual and spiritual beings than men: by abandoning the patriarchy and giving absolute priority to women, society as a whole would come closer to the ideal Over-Sphere. In its radical form, this would require the complete separation of men from women, leading to the extinction of the race, with women as leaders in death.

Croatian women philosophers, Helene Druskowitz, Maruša Gundulić

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