hrvatski

Potencijal iskorištavanja prirodne otpornosti biljaka na poljoprivredne štetnike

Biljke se brane od napada herbivora različitim mehanizmima. Poljoprivredne kulture posjeduju različite anatomsko - morfološke strukture koje predstavljaju fizikalno - kemijske prepreke za napad štetnika. Također, proizvode neiscrpan broj metabolita te posjeduju ogroman rezervoar potencijalno obrambenih kemijskih spojeva, od kojih su mnogi opisani u kontekstu interakcije biljaka s drugim organizmima. Mehanizmi obrane bilo da su inducirani napadom ili konstitutuvni, mogu djelovati izravno ili neizravno na napad herbivora. Međutim kako bi obrana biljke bila uspješna mehanizmi djeluju kao mreža isprepletenih složenih odgovora ovisno o biljnoj vrsti i herbivoru. U radu su prikazane posljednje spoznaje o obrambenim odgovorima i otpornosti poljoprivrednih kultura prema štetnicima. Plants employ various defense mechanisms against herbivory organisms. Anatomical and morphological structures in crops are considered as a first line defense or a physical barrier against pest attack. Diverse and numerous plant metabolites have been researched for their role in crop protection and plant interactions with other organisms, like insect pest. Plant defense mechanisms are activated directly or indirectly upon the attack of herbivores regardless of whether it is herbivory induced or plant constitutive. Successful defense mechanisms rely upon the network of intertwined complex responses depending on the plant species and herbivore. Over the last three decades, many reliable chemical insecticides have been removed from the market because of developed insect resistance and toxicological threat to all living organisms. Therefore, plant breeders and other researchers are challenged to return the natural host plant resistance from wild to elite cultivar against insect pests as a non- chemical alternative in plant protection programs. The aim of this paper was to review the literature and present the successful examples of exploitation of plant defense responses and resistance of crops to pests.

kukci ; morfologija biljke ; biljni metaboliti ; izravna i neizravna obrana ; interkacije

nije evidentirano