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Seasonal variation in meteorological parameters and blood pressure in Croatian adult population

Introduction: There are many reports on the seasonality of cardiovascular risk factors particularly of blood pressure (BP). Our aim was to analyze association of BP with various meteorological parameters in random sample of general Croatian adult population. Design and methods: EHUH -2 study is nation-wide survey (Croatian Science Foundation) on prevalence, treatment and control of hypertension in Croatia. In 2018–2021 a random sample of 1321 subjects were enrolled. In the pilot study we analyzed data on 171 subjects from the city of Zagreb. Office blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured in sitting position using Omron 3 device three times and average BP values were calculated. Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) was calculated using validated equation. Meteorological data (mean daily 2 m air temperature – T2m, atmosphere pressure, air humidity measured at meteorological stations according to WMO standards) were collected in Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Results: We found significant positive association between systolic BP and T2m. There is nonsignificant trend in association between systolic BP and air humidity. We failed to find association of diastolic BP, heart rate and ePWV with any of analyzed meteorological parameters. Furthermore, we found inverse association between systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate with T2m i.e. we confirmed seasonal fluctuations. Conclusion: Our data confirmed findings of seasonal (inverse) variation between systolic BP and T2m, supported by observations of the seasonal variation in hypertensive emergency hospitalizations (higher in winter). T2m has impact on long-term BP variability and should be taken into account in clinical research as well as in regular clinical work.

Seasonal variation, blood pressure, meteorology

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