engleski

Exploring the relationship between tourism competitiveness and tourism contribution to economy: global perspective

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between tourism competitiveness and significance of tourism to national economy. Building on the recent body of work that aims to explore relationship of tourism competitiveness with strictly economic (overall GDP and GDP growth) and other country level measurements (human development index, cultural dimensions), this paper closely examines relationship of tourism competitiveness with tourism performance in economic sense. For the purposes of measuring tourism competitiveness, World Economic Forum’s Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) report for 140 countries worldwide for 2019 has been used, while significance of tourism to national economy has been determined as a share of direct tourism related economy to GDP. Share of tourism related economy in overall GDP is then analysed against overall travel and tourism competitiveness index and each of its pillars as provided in TTCI report for 2019. Results show that share of tourism related economy to GDP can significantly be predicted by only a limited number of TTCI pillars, excluding the overall TTCI. GDP per capita seems to negatively predict the share of tourism related in overall economy, i.e. richer the countries are, they are generally less economically driven by tourism. Prioritization of T&T industry and tourist service infrastructure seem to be the best positive predictors of the of share of tourism related economy to GDP, followed by pillars related to transport infrastructure, ICT readiness and human resource and labour market. Network analysis shows that ICT readiness, transport related pillars and human resource and labour market are also the best predictors of the all the other pillars. Practical contribution of the paper is in identification of the elements (pillars) of competitiveness that predict tourism related economic effects, as well as in identifying other variables that influence competitiveness and performance relationship.

tourism competitiveness, tourism contribution to economy, travel and tourism competitiveness index (TTCI)

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