engleski

THE INFLUENCE OF MOTOR ABILITIES ON GYMNASTICS SKILLS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF LEARNING

Basic motor abilities are crucial in the early phases of the motor learning process. As individuals go through different learning stages, the question is are the same motor abilities important in all learning stages? So, the main goal of this study was to determine relations between motor abilities and gymnastics skills in different stages of learning in adult beginners. Sample of respondents were 40 second-year physical education students who attended the gymnastics classes for 15 weeks, two times per week for 90 minutes. Two sets of variables were used: 7 motor abilities and 9 gymnastics skills variables, which were tested two times (first and final week of classes). Regression analyses were used to check for possible influence between motor abilities and individual gymnastics skills. Results suggest that the set of predictors has a significant influence only on the variable of mount pullover in the first measurement (R=0.70, R2=0.49) and on the variable scale in the final measurement (R=0.71, R2=0.49). Individually, medicine ball throw (p<0.01) and standing long jump (p<0.00) have a significant partial influence on the mount pullover in the first, and forward bend (p<0.01) and side split (p<0.00) have a significant partial influence on the scale skill in the final measurement. The obtained result can be explained through the structure of the mount pullover: a dynamic swing and a jump from the standing leg is necessary in order to raise the center of gravity towards the bar. Besides balance, the scale skill requires a high level of flexibility which represents an essential aspect of gymnastics training. As the mount pullover on the uneven bars represents one of the most difficult elements for beginners since it requires lifting own weight around the bar, explosive strength may affect the performance, most likely, as a function of general strength. Other authors also stress a great importance of strength in artistic gymnastics as it generates moving. As the students learned the technique, that influence diminishes. As for the scale skill, it is evident that after the skill is learned students are limited by their flexibility.

motor learning ; specialized skills ; students ; strength ; flexibility

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