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2D-material nanopores as a new playground for biophysics

Nanopores, or nm-size holes, have become a new single-molecule tool in biophysics which may give insight into molecular features that are usually hidden in the ensemble experiments. Due to their high sensitivity and simplicity of the sensing principle they are used as (bio)chemical sensors for detection and manipulation of various molecules and biomolecules (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins, single-nucleotides), as well as probing molecular structure. The passage of ions or biomolecules through sub-nm pores enables the study of hydration layer, entropic barriers, Coulomb blockade effects and other physical phenomena. In nanotechnology they can be used as nanoreactors, highly effective exchange membranes for water desalinization, or power generators. However, they have become very attractive in the first place as a promising solution which may bring about the third generation of DNA sequencing technology.

nanopores, single-molecule, sequencing, 2D-materials, biophysics

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