engleski

Immune Responses and Endothelial Activation Following 7-Day High-Salt Diet in Young Healthy Individuals Title

This study aimed to investigate pro- and anti- inflammatory immune responses mediated via Th17 and regulatory T immune cells, and endothelial activation following 7-day high-salt (HS) loading in young salt-resistant healthy individuals. 30 young healthy individuals took 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (3.5 g salt/day) followed by 7-day high-salt (HS) diet (~14.7 g salt/day). Serum pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-10, IL-21, IL-22, TGF-β1), complement component C3a, soluble cell adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin) and endoglin levels, as well as frequencies of Th17 and regulatory T immune cells (Treg), Th17/Treg ratio and the level of enzymes involved in their activation and differentiation (SGK1 and p38/MAP kinase) were measured before and after 7-day HS diet protocol. 7-day HS diet significantly increased serum level of pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-9 and IL-17A level, but also serum concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1. Soluble cell adhesion molecules and endoglin level, frequencies of Tregand Th17 cells, Th17/Treg ratio, as well as relative amount of total and phosphorylated p38/MA kinase remained unchanged, while relative amount of total SGK1 significantly increased following 7- day HS diet compared to LS values. There was moderate positive correlation between the frequency of Th17 cells and IL-23 level, and between 24-h urine natriuresis and IFN-γ, and IL- 9. There was strong/moderate positive correlation between relative amount of phosphorylated p38/MAP kinase and sVCAM-1, and endoglin. The increase in serum IL-17A level and increase in relative amount of total SGK1 in PBMCs suggest (at least) initial activation of Th17 cells in response to HS diet, but also an anti-inflammatory response potentially mediated by Treg cells activation and characterized by increase in serum IL-10 and TGF-β level. These results indicate that a short-term 7- day HS diet in healthy salt-resistant individuals promotes low-grade inflammation characterized by early activation of Th17 cells, and concomitant protective anti-inflammatory response of Treg cells.

high-salt diet ; inflammation ; cytokines ; Th17 cells ; regulatory T cells

nije evidentirano