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The Preparation and Modification of the Biomass- derived Carbon Quantum Dots – Investigating their Potential in Biomedical and Pharmacological Application

In recent years, agro-industrial waste valorization has gained significant interest in their reuse, both from an economical and environmental aspect. The research on the biowaste valorization for sustainability is mainly focused on an adequate waste managing/disposal and conversion of wastes into useful materials. Carbon quantum dots, an emerging class of zero- dimensional carbonaceous nanomaterials have gained considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical and optical properties, biocompatibility, exhibiting also good fluorescent properties. Due to their good chemical and optical stability, solubility in water, stability in a wide range of pH and high ionic strength media, carbon dots are extensively studied in a broad range of applications, especially in pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes. A biomass waste, as a green, cheap, abundant, easily available and more importantly rich source of carbon, has been considered as a potential and promising precursor for carbon quantum dots obtaining, applicable for the bioimaging, biosensing, and environmental monitoring purposes. The aim of this study is to present a novel approach of waste utilization and valorization toward obtaining biocompatible carbon quantum dots with a full potential in metal ion sensing, cellular imaging, and as a fluorescent ink. New approaches in the preparation and material modification toward properties enhancement will be also discussed. A special emphasis will be given on the particle size control, surface modification, and chemical composition which in general defines their pharmacological and biological activity (specific antitumor effect and antioxidative activity). Finally, some of the challenges and future outlooks in carbon quantum dots research will be briefly outlined.

carbon quantum dots ; biomass utilization ; sensors ; biomedical application

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