engleski

Synthesis of maleic based polymeric additives and their influence on the low-temperature properties of diesel and biodiesel fuel

Fuel properties change significantly with temperature, so at low temperatures diesel and biodiesel/diesel blends tend to form paraffin waxes, which can clog the supply channels and completely block the operation of the motor. Even though many different fuel additives have been developed, which meet the current requirements for use, this issue cannot be considered resolved and more demanding requirement are expected in the coming period. In our work, six different polymeric additives based on maleic anhydride were synthesized by radical polymerization and their influence on the low- temperature properties of diesel and biodiesel fuels was examined. The polymers were synthesized in different molar ratios of starting monomers - maleic anhydride (MA) and vinyl acetate (VA) in molar ratios MA/VA = 50/50 and 80/20. The functionalization of the polymer molecules was done with three different alcohols in which the anhydride ring was opened, and the alkyl chain of the alcohol was attached to the polymer. By using different alcohols, the influence of alkyl chain length of alcohols on the solubility of the polymer additive in the fuel and the properties of the added fuel was evaluated. The purity of the polymer additives was monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. Molecular weight distribution and molecular weight averages of prepared additives were determined with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the thermal properties of MAVA additives and their mixtures with fuels were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Standard test for low-temperature properties performed according to ASTM D 5950 for the pour point (PP) and EN 115 for the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) have shown that PP improved up to 21 °C in diesel and up to 3 °C in biodiesel.

polymer additives, low-temperature properties, diesel fuel, maleic anhydride

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