engleski

DETERMINATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PULSED AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION

The presence of carbohydrates in atmospheric particulate matter can be caused by various natural or anthropogenic sources. There are three main groups of carbohydrates that can be found in air aerosols: saccharides, saccharide polyols and anhydrosaccharieds. Primary saccharides like glucose, fructose, manose, xylose and galactose are released from diverse micro-organisms, plants, and animals, while saccharide polyols, also denoted as sugar alcohols like erythritol, sorbitol, arabitol and manitol are produced by fungi, lichens and bacteria. On the other hand, anhydrosaccharides (levoglucosan, manosan and galactosan) are formed during biomass burning where cellulose and hemicellulose thermal decomposition occur. Until recently, the most common method for carbohydrate analysis was gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy ; however, due to a demanding sample preparation the simpler and less timeconsuming method of high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) is preferred. In the HPAEC-PAD method, the carbohydrates are ionized in the presence of a strong base eluent, separated via anion-exchange mechanism and then oxidized at the gold electrode during the pulsed amperometric detection step. Because of the high pKa values of carbohydrates, the separation of some saccharide alcohols and anhydrosaccharides can be challenging, so in order to obtain an acceptable separation resolution and retention time, the eluent concentration, column temperature and sample preparation procedure must be optimized. The aim of this paper was to develop analytical methods for analysis of twelve carbohydrates: erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, arabitol, mannitol, manose, glucose, galactose, fructose, levoglucosan, manosan and galaktosan by HPAEC-PAD. The developed methods were validated through the estimation of the selectivity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, reproducibility, stability and matrix effects. Results confirmed the suitability of developed methods for routine analysis of carbohydrates in atmospheric aerosol samples.

Biomass burning ; HPAEC-PAD ; levoglucosan

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