engleski

Production, trade and maritime transport of colouring materials based on Early Modern Gnalić shipwreck finds

In late October 1583, the merchant ship Gagliana grossa headed from Venice loaded with cargo of various provenance. A large part of the cargo consisted of colouring materials intended for the markets of the Eastern Mediterranean. Instead of reaching its destination, the ship sank in Northern Dalmatia, at the southern entrance to the Pašman channel in the vicinity of the city of Biograd na Moru. Archaeological excavations conducted in several phases from 1967 to 2018 yielded thousands of artefacts, giving scholars an opportunity to study the material culture of the late 16th century. Although all recovered objects have historical importance and can be studied from different aspects, the colouring materials recovered from the cargo are unique and particularly interesting finds. These are the first direct archaeological evidence of Venetian international trade in colouring materials. Venice was a central hub, where the products of different European regions, the Eastern Mediterranean and even America were imported ; highly experienced Venetian manufacturers and colour sellers processed the products and made colouring materials appreciated by artisans, artists and merchants. To date, the knowledge of the trade in colouring materials has been entirely based on studies of archival documents ; unfortunately, records which testify to international trade with colouring materials, especially Venetian trade with the Eastern Mediterranean, are scarce. On the other hand, existing inventories of colour seller shops provide insight into available materials ; from them we can learn which materials were in demand. Combining this historical data with the archaeological finds from the Gnalić shipwreck site gives us a glimpse into which materials available in Venice were also in demand in the Eastern Mediterranean in the late 16th century. In order to investigate the trading of colouring materials in the Late Renaissance based on the Gnalić shipwreck finds, this dissertation objective is to merge archaeological data, historical data and the data from the characterization analyses (XRF, XRD, SEM-EDX, RS, FTIR, UHPLC). All things considered, the dissertation provides new knowledge about Renaissance-era colouring materials obtained from a uniquely preserved site.

Gnalić, shipwreck, colouring materials, Renaissance, Gagliana grossa

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