engleski

Molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer – brief review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and one of the leading causes of cancer death in the Western world. The majority of colorectal cancers arise in sporadic form. The disease arises from the accumulation of mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and mismatch repair genes during progression from normal colon epithelium to adenoma and metastatic carcinoma. Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium describes four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of CRC: CMS1 (14%, microsatellite instability, immune, strong immune activation), CMS2 (37%, canonical, WNT and MYC signaling activation), CMS3 (13%, metabolic, epithelial and metabolic dysregulation) and CMS4 (23%, mesenchymal, transforming growth factor-β activation), while 13% of colorectal cancers remained mixed or “unclassified”. This mini review will give some information about the most frequent molecular genetics changes in colorectal cancer and its molecular classification in four CMS subtypes due to its morphology, gene expression profile, somatic mutations and microsatellite instability.

colorectal cancer ; CMS classification ; consensus molecular subtypes (CMS)

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