engleski

The effects of chronic exposures of four commercial pesticide preparations on multiple levels of biological organisation in earthworm (Eisenia andrei)

In the last decades the negative effects of pesticides on the environment have been increasingly observed worldwide. A widely known example is overall biodiversity decline often due to effects on non-target organisms. A vast biodiversity decline not only affects ecosystems and food chains but consequently also ecosystem services. In this study, we assessed the effects of four pesticides on earthworm (Eisenia andrei) in standardised soil: namely, insecticides thiacloprid (Calypso), esfenvalerate (Sumialfa) and herbicides prosulfocarb (Filon), and dimethenamid-p (Frontier). As current regulations only include standardised toxicity testing of the active substances, important data is missing on the different modes of action and possibly varying toxicity of commercial formulations. Hence, we investigated the effects of the commercially available pesticide formulations after 7, 14, and 28-day exposures. After determining sublethal concentrations in preliminary tests, a comprehensive test-battery, including biomarkers, fluorescence-based oxidative stress-related markers, multixenobiotic resistance and reproduction, has been used to determine the sublethal toxicity of the investigated pesticides. All pesticides showed effects on oxidative stress- related markers and multixenobiotic resistance. Prosulfocarb (Filon) and esfenvalerate (Sumialfa) both showed significant effects on multixenobiotic metabolism and cocoon production.

biomarker, multixenobiotic metabolism reproduction ; soil ; toxicity

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