engleski

Biological aspects of restoring the tooth structure

The main role of placing a restoration when treating cavitated lesions is firstly to help the patient in plaque biofilm control, but also to protect the dentine-pulp complex and to restore the function, form and aesthetics of the tooth. Minamata convention urged the need for a material which would be an alternative to amalgam. Due to economical reasons, composite materials, which are most commonly used for direct restorations, are not a feasible option. New restorative concept based on glass hybrid technology, which combines GIC with different sizes of filler particles and nano filled composite resin coat, is a promising option. GICs, in general, are bioactive materials with a benefit of a strong chemical adhesion to hard dental tissues which, due to the recent aforementioned developments, can be one of the options for long-term aesthetic restorations, even in the posterior region. The choice of the materials should be guided by the caries risk of the patient, location and extent of the lesion, lesion activity and, of course, special demands placed on the restoration. However, the outmost challenge is how to restore endodontically treated teeth. Non vital teeth require special consideration for the final restoration which should have adequate retention but also ensure maximum resistance of the remaining tooth structure in order to prevent catastrophic tooth fractures. These teeth have usually been affected by either caries, vicious cycle of restorative procedures and/ or fracture. Moreover, such teeth are even further weakened by the endodontic procedure itself in order to provide optimal access cavity for proper chemomechanical preparation of the root canals. Discovery of fiber reinforced composite resin material has broaden the indications for direct restorations in the posterior region due to short E-glass fibers which are oriented in different directions and which offer reinforcement of the remaining tooth structure but may also stop the fracture line from progressing and leading inevitably to vertical root fracture and tooth extraction.

glass-ioonomer ; glass-hybrids ; composite materials ; fibers

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