engleski

Effects of recreational SCUBA diving on plasma concentration of galectin-3 and cardiac damage markers

Recreational diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) represents specific type of physiological stress caused by demanding physical activity, exposure to low temperatures and hyperoxia that results in activation of numerous adaptive mechanisms. To contribute to the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms, we measured plasma concentration of cardiac and skeletal muscle damage biomarkers with special focus on galectin-3 (Gal-3). Gal-3, a β- galactoside binding lectin, plays role in numerous biological processes (cell proliferation, differentitation, adhesion, apoptosis ect.) thus being involved in various physiological and patophysiological events, such as inflammation and fibrosis. In clinics, it has been used as a reliable prognostic marker of heart failure. Blood samples were collected from 10 male SCUBA- divers immediately before (t0) (controls) and after diving (t1), as well as during the recovery period (3 h after diving (t2) and 6 h after diving (t3)). Diver equiped with SCUBA-equipment were diving in the group at a maximum depth of 30 m for a total time of 30 min. Return to the surface was conducted withour decompression. In addition to the Gal-3 concentration, levels of cardiac damage markers (hsTnI, high-sensitivity Troponin I ; NT- proBNP, N-terminal proBrain Natriuetic Peptide), skeletal muscles damage marker (myoglobin) and systemic inflammation marker (hsCRP, high- sensitivity CRP) have been measured. All measured parameters, except hsCRP, have been statistically increased (p < 0.05) immediately after diving comparing to controls. The levels of hsTnI and NT- proBNP remained elevared dirung recovery period (t2 and t3), while myoglobin and Gal-3 dropped to the control levels 6 h after diving (t3), with peak values immediately after diving (t1) and 3h after diving (t2), respectively. This study showed for the first time that SCUBA diving is followed by the increase in plasma concentration of Gal-3. released into the circulation most probably from cardiac muscle (increased levels of cardiac damage markers NT- proBNP and hsTnI). but possibly from skeletal muscles (as regard the increased myoglobin level), as well.

SCUBA diving ; galectin-3 ; cardiac damage markers

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