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Blood pressure in pregnancy and maternal and newborn anthropometry in the Croatian CRIBS cohort

Background: The trajectory of blood pressure (BP) in pregnancy is characterized by an early decrease and a late pregnancy increase. Aim: The aim of this study was to define trajectory of systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in 308 pregnant participants in the CRIBS study and to analyse the association of BP with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and newborns` anthropometry. Methods: Pregnant women included in the CRIBS study had no history of chronic diseases. The BP of CRIBS participants was measured at least once in each trimester. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight was self-reported. Z-scores were calculated for each newborn`s birth weight, length and head circumference using the WHOAnthro software. All deliveries were term births. The analyses were performed using SPSS 10.0 Results: Less than 2% of women had pregnancy- induced hypertension (SBP >140 mmHg and/or DBP >90 mmHg). BP changed through pregnancy: mean systolic BP of 113 mmHg in the 1st and in the 2nd trimester elevated to 116 mmHg in the 3rd trimester (p<0.001). Mean diastolic BP in the 3rd trimester (69 mmHg) was also significantly higher than in the first two trimesters (66 mmHg) (p<0.01). Mean SBP and DBP of pre-pregnancy obese women (BMI>30 kg/m2) in all three trimesters were significantly higher than in pre-pregnancy underweight, normal weight or overweight women. Positive correlations were detected between maternal SBP in the 2nd trimester and z-scored birth weight, length and head circumference (R2=0.0205, R2=0.0240 and R2=0.0141, respectively) and between DBP in the 2nd trimester and z-scored weight and height (R2=0.0175 and R2=0.0251). No association between gestational age of newborns and maternal BP has been detected. Conclusion: Most of the CRIBS participants had BP within a normal range. The obesity pre-pregnancy was associated with higher BP in pregnancy and the BP in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy correlated with birth size.

CRIBS, blood pressure, pregnancy, newborns, anthropometry

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