engleski

University–Industry Collaboration in Croatia: Co-Authorship Analysis

Aim: The aim of this research was to measure the relationship between the Croatian academic and industry sectors. Methods: Method used in this research was co- authorship analysis. Analysing co-authored publications has become the standard way of measuring research collaborations (1). The research papers produced in university-industry collaborations tend to be co-authored by scientists from both institutions. In an analysis of the institutional affiliations of the authors of such papers, a link is found between the two institutions. This type of collaboration is sometimes denoted as formal collaboration (2), but can also indicate the achievement of access to an often informal network. It can be viewed as a successful scientific collaboration among institutions, while also indicating diffusion of knowledge and skills (3). The advantages of assessing research collaborations through co- authorships are that the indicator is quantifiable and invariant, the measurement does not affect the collaboration process and the analysis is relatively inexpensive. Although some forms of university-industry collaboration do not generate co-authored papers and some co- authored papers do not reflect actual collaboration (1, 4), analysis of co-authorship is the most often indicator used for measuring research collaborations, evidently because it offers notable advantages in counter point to the limitations (4). Co-authorship as indicator of university-industry collaboration is also used in several world university rankings, such as the freely available web-based Leiden Ranking and in U-Multirank (5, 6). Aggregate-level data on countries is used for European Commission’s Innovation Union Scoreboard and the U21 university association’s Ranking of National Higher Education Systems (5). This research find averages of research papers Croatian public universities and research institutes co- authored with industry sector from 2011. to 2016. Those averages are compared to the global average. Croatian universities averages were also compared to those of biggest regional general public universities. Furthermore, research areas in which most of the Croatian university-industry occur and the companies which collaborate most with Croatian universities were identified. The data for this research is extracted from InCites, a Clarivate Analitics citation-based evaluation tool that gathers data from the Web of Science Core Collection database. During the time of this research, InCites held data for seven Croatian public universities (University of Zagreb, University of Split, University of Rijeka, University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek, University of Zadar, University of Dubrovnik and University of Juraj Dobrila Pula) and six Croatian research institutes (Ruđer Bošković Institute, Institute for Medical Research & Occupational Health, Institute of Physics Zagreb, Croatian Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts and Croatian Forest Research Institute). Those twelve institutions were included in this research. Results and Discussion: The results showed that industry co-authorship averages of all Croatian universities and research institutes, with exception of University of Split, are below the global average. As much as three universities (University of Zadar, University of Dubrovnik and University of Juraj Dobrila Pula) and four research institutes (Institute of Physics Zagreb, Croatian Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts, CroatianForest Research Institute) had no research papers co-authored with industry sector. Both Ruđer Bošković Institute and Institute for Medical Research & Occupational Health are under the global average. Only exception was the year 2011., when Institute for Medical Research & Occupational Health was slightly above the global average. In the comparison of 15 regional general public universities University of Split was in the third place, University of Zagreb in eleventh, University of Rijeka in twelfth and University of J. J. Strossmayer Osijek in the last place. Most collaboration between Croatian public universities and industry sector occurred in research areas from the fields of medicine and computer science. From those fields also came corporations that have co- authorship most papers in collaboration with Croatian universities: GlaxoSmithKline, Ericsson, Novo Nordiks, Pfizer, Roche Holding etc. Conclusion: Co-authorship analysis suggests that there is only a weak link between Croatian public universities and industry sector. The link is even weaker between Croatian public research institutes and industry sector. The only exception is the University of Split, with co- authorship averages above the global average and above most of regional universities. Most university-industry collaboration occur in the field of medicine and information science, and most corporations that collaborate with Croatian universities come from those fields. Conclusions that came from this analysis are based on one indicator, co-authorship of research papers. Additional research, such as patentometric analysis, is required to validify the results of this research.

university-industry collaboration ; co-authorship analysis ; public universities ; public research institutes ; Croatia

nije evidentirano