engleski

Snakebite envenomation in the Split-Dalmatia County 2009-2020

Objectives. The main purpose of this research was to determine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, local and general complications, and received treatment in patients who experienced venomous snakebites in the Split-Dalmatia County. Methods. This retrospective study represents observation of 93 patients who were treated in the Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases in the University Hospital Centre Split from 2009 to 2020. Results. Most bites occurred during warm months, from May to September (78.5%), mostly in August (19.4%) and May (16.1%). There were 59 (63.4%) men and 34 (36.6%) women. The median age was 59 years (57 for men and 64 years for women), and the min-max year range was 3-88 years. Totally 21 (22.6%) envenomed individuals developed local and general complications. The most common local complications were haemorrhagic blisters that occurred in 12 (12.9%) individuals, followed by compartment syndrome presented in 3 (3.2%) patients. The most dominated general complication was cranial nerve paresis or paralysis, which was identified in 12 (12.9%) patients, whereas (pre)shock symptoms were registrated in 8 (8.6%) victims. No lethal outcome was detected. Totally 83 (89.3%) respondents were treated with specific antivenom ; 81 received Zagreb antivenom and 2 received ViperFav®. Neighter anaphylactic reaction nor serum disease were noticed in our patients after administrating antivenom. A total of 15 (16.1%) individuals underwent surgical intervention, and incision of haemorrhagic blister was preformed in 9 (9.7%) patients, while fasciotomy was done in 3 (3.2%) subjects. All of our surgically treated patients recovered successfully. Conclusion. Snakebites are medical emergency cases and require prompt medical intervention. All patients should be closely monitored and treated in the hospital that provides 24-hour medical care and Intensive Care Unit. Administrating antivenom and supportive therapy, as well as surgical interventions, intent to prevent permanent disability and lethal outcomes after experiencing snakebite envenomations.

Snakebite ; Viper venom ; Antivenom ; Compartment syndrome ; Croatia

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