engleski

Prevalence of sideropenia and sideropenic anemia in patients hospitalized for heart failure

Heart failure is the cause of an increasing number of hospitalizations and is one of the leading cause of death in the world, especially in Western countries. Iron deficiency, with or without anemia is a common comorbidity and a therapeutic target in patients with heart failure. The aim was to determine the prevalence of sideropenia and sideropenic anemia in patients hospitalized for the heart failure at the Clinic for Cardiovascular Diseases, Croatia, in the period from September 2019. to December 2019. We analyzed the medical history of 150 hospitalized patients due to decompensated heart failure. It was a retrospective, unicentric study approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee and in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. It should be noted that due to the Covid - 19 pandemic, access to the Clinical Hospital Center was limited and the planned six - month data collection period was reduced to three months. The average age of all patients was 78 (25-95), 52% were male patients. Prevalence of anemia was 74 (49.3%), of that 31 (21%) were female and 43 (29%) were male patients. Average left ventricular ejection fraction was 40%. The incidence of sideropenia was 75 (50%), absolute iron deficiency was 57 (38%) compared to functional iron deficiency that was 18 (12%). By comparing the values of basic clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters, we found higher values of heart rate 95.2 ± 21.7, compared to 84 ± 14.4/min and serum creatinine 126.9 ± 51.1 compared to 104.6 ± 40.1 µmol/L in the group with iron deficiency. NT-proBNP value was 103O6.1± 11919 ng/l in patients with iron deficiency compared to 9786.8± 11530.3ng/l in patients without iron deficiency (the difference was not statistically significant). Lower values of serum iron 8.9 ± 5.2 compared to 11.6 ± 7.2 µmol/L and ferritin 76.11 ± 56.22 compared to 490 ± 342.81 µmol/L worsened the already impaired quality of life of patients with iron deficiency. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 49.1 ± 20.6 compared to 58.5 ± 22.4 in iron deficiency patients, that justified renal injury as an important comorbidity in heart failure. Considering altered renal function, patients with iron deficiency received less ACE-Inhibitors. To summarize, heart rate showed statistically significantly higher values (p=0.016) in patients with iron deficiency compared to patients without iron deficiency. eGFR was marginally reduced, and serum creatinine values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.046) in patients with iron deficiency in contrast to patients without iron deficiency. Serum iron and ferritin values were as expected ; statistically significantly lower (p=0.045, p<0.001) in patients with iron deficiency. ACE- I were statistically significantly less used in the treatment of patients with iron deficiency (P=0.049).

sideropenia ; sideropenic anemia ; heart failure

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