engleski

Extraction methods for chromatographic analysis of pharmaceuticals in environment

Pharmaceuticals are substances that are used in human and veterinary practice and are so-called emerging contaminants. Their occurrence in the environment is still not law regulated, while certain numbers of published articles record their negative impact on human health. From the literature overview, pharmaceuticals were determined in different environment samples like water, sludge, soil, manure and sediment. In this work pharmaceuticals who belong to different structure groups were determined in sludge and sediment sample and following five extractions were developed and optimized: EA, USE, MAE, MSPD and PSE. Chosen pharmaceuticals were macrolide antibiotic tylosine, antihelmintics albendazole, febantel and levamisole, anesthetics lidocaine and procaine and glucocorticoids hydrocortisone and dexamethasone. Pharmaceutical concentrations extracted from sediment sample were determined by high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detector. After chromatographic analysis, all methods were validated and the following optimal parameters were determined for each extraction method: sludge and sediment mass, solvent, contact time between sludge/sediment and solvent, extraction duration, agitation frequency and extraction temperature (EA) ; solvent, extraction duration, power and temperature of ultrasonic bath (USE) ; solvent, extraction duration, temperature, solvent volume (MAE) ; sorbent, solvent, solvent volume, sediment/sorbent mass ratio (MSPD) ; solvent (PLE).

pharmaceuticals, extraction, high performance liquid chromatography, USE, MSPD

nije evidentirano