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Effect of fungicide azoxystrobin on hatching delay in potworm Enchytraeus crypticus

Azoxystrobin is most commonly used strobilurin fungicide today. One of the known adverse effects on non-target organisms is the effect on embryonic development. Among aquatic organisms, this adverse outcome is proven and explained in zebrafish embryos, while in soil organisms, it is only known that azoxystrobin affects reproduction by reducing the number of juveniles. The main aim of this study was to assess the effect of fungicide Quadris® (azoxystrobin) on hatching success of potworm Enchytraeus crypticus. Enchytraeids are ecologically relevant soil- dwelling annelids which are suitable for hatching test due to the short life cycle and simple cultivation. Synchronized cocoons were exposed to different azoxystrobin concentrations, which led to a dose- dependent decrease in hatching success and hatching delay. After 11 days of exposure, there was more than 90% hatched cocoons in control, while on the highest concentration (150 mg a.i./g d.w. soil) this value was less than 10%. Although the number of hatched juveniles increased with the prolonged duration of the test, it didn’t reach control numbers, and there were just 30% hatched juveniles after the 18th day of exposure on highest concentration. Those results indicate that fungicides can effect on hatching success and cause hatching delay, which can have significant consequences on their population.

azoxystrobin, strobilurin, fungicide, Enchytraeus crypticus

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