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Systemic Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines’ Level Following 7-Day High-Salt Diet in Healthy Young Individuals

Present study aimed to test the effect of 7-day high-salt (HS) diet on pro-inflammatory cytokines’ serum concentration, and to examine the potential association between the level of systemic inflammation and previously reported impaired microvascular endothelial function due to HS loading in young healthy individuals (1-5). Twenty four young healthy individuals (12 men and 12 women, age ranged 18-26) were assigned to 7-day low-salt (LS) diet (<3.5 g salt/day) (“wash-out” period) followed by 7-day HS diet (~14 g salt/day). Serum protein concentration of interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was measured by commercially available panels for multiplex protein quantitation (Luminex 200 instrument platform) before and after HS. Skin microvascular blood flow in response to vascular occlusion (post-occlusive reactive hyperemia ; PORH) and iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh-induced dilation ; AChID) was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry at LS and HS. Changes in calculated daily salt intake from 24h sodium excretion confirmed that participants conformed to the diet protocols. Serum concentration of IFNγ, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased, while PORH and AChID were significantly impaired following HS diet compared to LS. Salt intake significantly positively correlated with increased IFNγ, while there was no correlation between changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine serum concentrations and microvascular reactivity due to 7-day HS loading. Present results suggest that 7-day HS diet can promote systemic inflammation in young healthy individuals. However, it remains to establish whether more specific changes in inflammatory response directly contribute to the impaired microvascular endothelial function following HS diet.

high-salt diet ; inflammation ; endothelium ; microcirculation ; cytokines

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