engleski

Adverse cutaneous reactions to antiepileptic drugs: a five-year retrospective study

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) have complex pathogenesis and diverse morphology and therefore these reactions represent a diagnostic challenge. CADRs occur in up to 8% of individuals taking drugs and in 2-3% of hospitalized patients. Timely recog- nition and appropriate treatment of these reactions, some of which can be life-threatening, have great importance in clinical practice. In addition to antibi- otics and non-steroidal antirheumatics, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are one of the three drug groups that most com- monly cause cADRs. In this retrospec- tive study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of cADRs triggered by the use of AEDs at the Department of Der- matovenerology in the Clinical Hospital Center (CHC) Rijeka for the period of five years. The hospital information sys- tem of CHC Rijeka was searched ac- cording to the generic and brand names of all registered AEDs. In this study, we included all patients diagnosed with a medicamentous exanthema induced by AEDs who were examined and/or treated at the Department of Derma- tovenerology in CHC Rijeka from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. A total of 20 patients with cADRs were found. Most reactions were triggered by carbamazepine intake (11 patients), la- motrigine triggered eruptions in six pa- tients, while oxcarbazepine, pregabalin, and phenytoin each triggered cADR in one patient. The most common skin re- action was maculopapular rash in eight patients, followed by Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms in four patients and urticaria in three patients. Other skin reactions were: photodermatitis, fixed drug erythema, erythroderma, acute generalized exan- thematous pustulosis, and granuloma annulare. The results of this retrospective study indicate a high incidence of cADRs triggered by AEDs, which in five out of 20 patients caused severe skin reactions that were accompanied by internal organ involvement and were life-threatening.

Antiepileptics ; Adverse Drug Reactions ; Carbamazepine ; Exanthem ; Lamotrigine

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