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St. John of Nepomuk on the South-Eastern Border of the Monarchy: Marking the Territory

Southern borders of the Habsburg Monarchy, from Istria and Croatian Littoral, along the Military Border, to Slavonia, Baranja (Branau, Baranya), Srijem (Sirmium, Syrmia) and Banat were “guarded” by hundreds of the public monuments, newly established parish churches, chapels, altars and liturgical objects dedicated to St. John of Nepomuk. Donators that enabled the visualisation of the saint's images and promoters of his veneration were either State itself – as for the former parish church in Pančevo (Pantschowa, Pancsova) in Banat, erected in 1744 (replaced in 1757 by the new church dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo) – or the Habsburg emperors / the empress – as for the parish church in Zrenjanin (Großbetschkerek, Nagybecskerek), whose erection Maria Theresia intitiated in 1758 (built in 1762-1763). The imperial high military and state officials followed: the Field Marshal of the Imperial Army and Viceroy of Croatia Karl Josef count Batthyány brought a reliquary made by Joseph Moser, with a particle of the saint's tongue in Zagreb (1755, Trasury of the Cathedral) ; bishop of Syrmia Nicolas Givovics (Gjivovich), a counsellor of Maria Theresia, “Regiæ Mæstatis actualis intimi Consiliari”, donated an impressive marble altar of the saint to the cathedral of Dubrovnik in the southern Croatia, his native region (1759 ; executed after his death 1776-1778). Jesuit Fathers of the Austrian Province were especially efficient in installing religious public monuments in Croatia, such as the sculpture of the saint that was first placed in Belgrade (after 1717), and then “retreated“ with the Imperial Army from that town – recaptured by Ottomans – to be reinstalled in 1750 in the Citadel (Tvrđa) in Osijek (Slavonia). The Capuchin Friars, Ursulines, Franciscans, as well as the lesser nobility, richer merchants, sodalities, all of them contributed to the veneration of the saint and to the Pietas Austriaca that was threaded through it.

St John of Nepomuk ; iconography, southern borders of Habsburg Monarchy

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