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Trace elements concentration in adipose tissue and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a prospective adult cohort

The aim of this work is to study the associations of adipose tissue TE concentrations with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) incidence over a 16-year follow-up period in an adult cohort from Southern Spain. Clinical information, including 16-year T2DM incidence, was gathered from hospital records. Chemical analyses of Cr, V, Zn, Fe, Cu and Se in adipose tissue were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multivariable Cox- regression models were used. Adipose tissue concentrations of individual TEs showed that Fe (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.99 to 2.56, p = 0.057), Cr (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.07–2.33, p = 0.022) and Cu (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.01–2.58, p = 0.046) were positively associated with T2DM incidence. The Cr-association was maintained in multi-TEs analysis (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.02– 2.76, p = 0.041). Furthermore, adipose tissue V (β = 0.283, p = 0.004) and Zn (β = 0.217, p = 0.028) concentrations were positively associated with β-pancreatic cell function (HOMA-β), while Se showed an inverse association (β = −0.049, p = 0.027). Although further research is warranted on the potential mechanisms of action, our results suggest that adipose tissue concentrations of certain trace elements (particularly Fe, Cr and Cu) are associated with the risk of incident T2DM, while V and Zn might have a protective effect. These biomarkers might complement prediction algorithms and contribute to identify patients with an increased risk of T2DM.

Adipose tissue ; Chromium ; Diabetes ; Iron, Copper ; Trace elements

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