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Cost and benefits of shifting towards low temperature district heating

Current energy and climate strategies will eventually phase out conventional district heating systems unless they are prepared for lower heat demand caused by building refurbishment and energy efficiency improvement programs. Also, future district heating systems will need to reduce heat losses and CO2 emissions and replace fossil fuels with locally found renewable energy and urban waste heat sources. Those changes will have a widespread positive impact on communities. This thesis evaluates the costs and benefits of the novel, low, and ultra-low temperature district heating systems, which are the path to the future. The introduction of this thesis gives a short overview of LTDH and ULTDH systems, as well as their main components and literature review. The second part, method, shows the techno-economical procedure of assessing the costs and benefits of these systems. Heat demand, electricity consumption, coefficients of performances, heat losses and other important parameters in district heating analysis are presented. The section-case study describes the example for which assessment methodology is developed. This section shows techno-economic data used in the analysis. In the last section, results from the case study are evaluated and discussed. Results showed the infeasibility of novel district heating systems for low plot ratios and space heating shares, but they outperformed conventional natural gas boiler heating in CO2 emissions and primary energy consumption. All results from this case study are shown in the Annex at the end.

ultra-low temperature district heating, low-temperature district heating, heat pumps, renewable energy sources, cost-benefit analysis, coefficient of performance, levelized cost of heat, energy planning, carbon emission factor, primary energy factor

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