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Epstein-Barr virus and human cytomegalovirus DNA in NSCLC cytological smears

Aim: To research the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) involvement in non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and methods: The two years retrospective analyses included 67 NSCLC cytological smears obtained during bronchoscopies, fine needle aspirations and pleural effusions. The liquid samples were prepared by centrifuge while others were directly applied to cytological slides. The DNA of EBV and HCMV were extracted from MGG stained smears with the minimum of 30% NSCLC cells and detected by PCR method. Results: The NSCLC cytological smears included 34 NSCLC with EGFR gene mutations and 33 NSCLC without EGFR gene mutations. The EBV and HCMV were detected separately or in combinations with each other or with HPV. In 34 cytological smears of NSCLC with EGFR gene mutations 26 EBV and 17 HCMV were detected. Among them 15 EBV and 11 HCMV were detected in 21 (61, 8%) smears with 30-60% NSCLC cells while 11 EBV and six HCMV were detected in 13 (38, 2%) smears with >60% NSCLC cells. In 16 (47, 1%) smears of NSCLC with EGFR gene mutations prepared from liquid samples 11 EBV and eighth HCMV were detected while in 18 (52, 9%) smears directly applied to cytological slides 15 EBV and nine HCMV were detected. In 33 cytological smears of NSCLC without EGFR gene mutations six EBV and one HCMV were detected. Four EBV were detected in 16 (48, 5%) smears with 30-60% NSCLC cells while two EBV and one HCMV were detected in 17 (51, 5%) smears with >60% NSCLC cells. In 15 (45, 5%) smears of NSCLC without EGFR gene mutations prepared from liquid samples four EBV were detected while in 18 (54, 5%) smears directly applied to cytological slides two EBV and one HCMV were detected. Prevalence of EBV and HCMV DNA was significantly higher (p<0, 001) in cytological smears of NSCLC with EGFR gene mutations compared with the cytological smears of NSCLC without EGFR gene mutations. There was no statistically significant difference in viral DNA detection based on the percentage of NSCLC cells. The lower percentage of cancer cells (30-60%) prevailed in NSCLC cytological smears prepared from liquid samples but there was no statistically significant difference in viral DNA detection between liquid samples or those directly applied to cytological slides. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of EBV and HCMV suggests the possible involvement in pathogenesis of NSCLC with EGFR gene mutations.

Epstein-Barr virus ; human cytomegalovirus ; NSCLC ; cytological smears

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