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Omentin and chemerin serum level and adipocyte morphology in male children

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition which can cause the development of dyslipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Elevated nutritive intake affects adipose tissue and is a trigger for adipose tissue remodeling, what involves inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Adipocytokines are mediators of metabolic homeostasis. Omentin is a protein produced preferentially by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that increases insulin sensitivity and chemerin is also an adipocytokine produced by both subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and VAT whose role is regulation of angiogenesis, adipogenesis and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate adipose tissue morphology and serum level changes of omentin and chemerin in male children depending on their nutritive status. Participants and Methods: In this study we investigated 30 otherwise healthy male children who underwent elective abdominal surgery at the Department for Pediatric Surgery of the University Hospital Osijek. The children were divided in two groups depending on their BMI Z- score: normal weight group (N=18) and overweight/obese group (N=12). Samples of SAT and VAT were gained during surgical procedure, on which histomorphometric analysis using the free online image analysis program Fiji, and histological staining for extracellular components with standard Masson’s trichrome stain was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for CD163+ cells was performed and number of positive cells was counted per mm2 of adipose tissue. Omentin and chemerin level in blood serum was measured using human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with BioRad 93200 PR3100 TSC. Results: The male children in the overweight/obese group were significantly older (8, 20[4, 09-10, 35] vs. 3, 45[2, 38-5, 63] years ; Mann-Whitney U test, p=0, 004) and of course their anthropometric data showed that they had higher BMI, Z-score, waist and hip circumference. In the group of male children with overweight/obesity we observed a larger adipocyte surface area in SAT when comparing with normal weight children (1122, 03[837, 39- 1201, 23] vs. 560, 13[443, 49-652, 93] µm2 ; Mann- Whitney U test, p<0, 001). In VAT more CD163+ cells were counted in the group of children with overweight/obesity (181, 00[151, 25-193, 50] vs. 103, 50[89, 00-116, 50] ; Mann-Whitney U test, p<0, 001). Children with overweight/obesity had higher cholesterol (p=0, 028) and LDL cholesterol (p=0, 039) and lower HDL cholesterol level (p=0, 039) compared to normal weight children, and their omentin serum level was lower (21, 82 [10, 98- 27, 55] vs. 30, 00[25, 22- 33, 51] ng/ml ; Mann-Whitney U test, p=0, 003) while chemerin serum level did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: Childhood obesity induces adipose tissue morphology changes, dyslipidemia and omentin level decrease.

adipocytes, chemerin, omentin, adipose tissue, obesity

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